Teeth in forensics: A review

With the ever-increasing crime rate in our society, the field of forensic sciences has become highly evolved. Forensic dentists play a pivotal role in various areas of crime scene investigations and thereby help solve innumerable mysteries. Teeth appear to be vital pieces of evidence in several such investigations. Teeth are preserved in the closed cavities of the mouth and are generally resistant to the threatening environmental conditions that may be associated with the death of an individual, making them very useful in postmortem analysis. Teeth thus obtained may be useful in age estimation of the deceased victim or in determining his blood group. Identification of individuals in mass disasters can also be performed based on the unique morphological characteristics of the human dentition and through dental DNA fingerprinting. Again teeth play an all important role in catching a culprit through the positive correlation of the bite marks left behind at the crime scene and the suspect's own teeth marks. Thus, teeth prove to be an important adjunct in forensics. Its scope is ever-increasing with time, and a great amount of research is being carried out to implement the same. A PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus search was conducted of the past 70 years using several search terms like “Forensic odontology,” “history of forensic odontology,” “dental DNA fingerprinting,” “forensic age estimation,” “age estimation from teeth” and “bitemarks.” Other articles and textbook references which were considered to be important were also included in this study. The articles gathered were divided into the following groups: history of forensic odontology, teeth and DNA (dental DNA fingerprinting), teeth and blood grouping, teeth and age estimation, and teeth in bite marks.

A Newly Proposed Regression Equation for Mixed Dentition Analysis Using the Sum of the Width of Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors and Permanent Mandibular First Molars as a Predictor of Width of Unerupted Canine and Premolars

Objective: To determine linear regression equation to predict the mesiodistal widths of the permanent canines and premolars based on the sum of the widths of the two permanent mandibular first molars and two mandibular central incisors. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 800 (400 males and 400 females) permanent dentition casts of Chhattisgarh population. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. The correlation and linear regression equations between the calculated four teeth (two permanent mandibular first molars and two central incisors) and the canine-premolars segments of both the arches were developed. Results: No significant differences were found in right and left side of the arch. Sexual dimorphism was significant in teeth sizes with higher mesiodistal dimension in males. A good correlation values varying from 0.51 to 0.67 was found. New standardized regression equations were formulated for the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars for Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Calculating mesiodistal widths of unerupted canine and premolars with help of two permanent mandibular molars and two mandibular central incisors, which erupt early in the oral cavity, can be an alternative and best predictor for the mixed dentition analysis.